Negative Exponents and Reciprocals

So, I have taught you the trick to understanding negative exponents, and how you can use that information to more easily manipulate your expressions.  (In the same post, I also described how you can simplify your exponential equations wherever you see a base raised to a zero exponent.)  But I thought that I should maybe add a little bit more information to that, so that you can understand WHY an expression raised to a negative exponent is equal to its reciprocal base with a positive exponent, and not just simply know that it does.

My friend Guillermo has recently posted a similar topic on his Mathematics and Multimedia blog.

This concept is actually amazing simple.  At first, you might think that there is some long and calculated proof involved.  In actuality, this rule for working with negative exponents can easily be found merely by considering the Exponent Laws.  (You still remember them, right?  Refer back if you need a refresher!)  ;)

To keep things simple, I will provide a brief outline that will hopefully describe this concept sufficiently, though if not, I will defer you to Guillermo's page for more details.

Briefly, let's consider the general expression x^-n.  This can be rewritten to show that the "-n" is being taken away from 0... this is always just assumed whenever we consider a negative number, but write it out this time.  So, now we have x^0-n.  Now, using the Exponent Laws, we know that when we have a subtraction function in the exponent, this is the same as dividing the exponential terms (refer back to my Exponent Laws post, linked above!).  And having rearranged things now, you can call upon the property of the zero exponent (see link above!) to show that the numerator is simply just 1, leaving you with the reciprocal base of what we started with.  Those few short steps using the Exponent rules demonstrate how x^-n is related to 1/xⁿ.

Hopefully that quick walkthrough is a good enough guide to get you through those steps.  One thing to take away from this is just how important and useful the Exponent Laws are.  Make sure you understand them!